Thousands of young Germans are refusing to comply with a compulsory survey that could see them called up for military service, forcing the government to threaten fines and even jail time to enforce participation.
Since January, Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s government has sent more than 200,000 mandatory notices to 18-year-old men under a new system designed to rebuild the Bundeswehr. Recipients must provide details on their health, fitness, and willingness to serve—information that will be used to decide who is selected.
The reform, driven by Defence Minister Boris Pistorius, is meant to ensure Germany can call people up if voluntary recruitment falls short. Those selected may be required to serve for at least six months.
Early resistance has been notable. Around 28% of recipients initially failed to respond, according to German media reports, forcing authorities to send reminders and warnings. While officials say the response rate later rose above 90%, thousands still ignored the order altogether.
The government has now shifted to enforcement. Persistent non-responders face fines of up to €250, with the possibility of harsher penalties—including imprisonment—if they continue to refuse.
The push is part of a wider effort to expand Germany’s armed forces from around 185,000 to as many as 270,000 troops by 2035, as Berlin responds to rising security tensions and pressure within NATO to increase military readiness.
Opposition has emerged from across the political spectrum. Sören Pellmann of Die Linke described refusal to comply as “a legitimate act of civil courage,” while the Alternative for Germany warned that young Germans do not want to be drawn into a potential conflict with Russia or deployed in operations serving foreign interests.
Public backlash is also spilling into the streets. More than 50,000 pupils are expected to take part in nationwide school walkouts on Friday, protesting against conscription and military expansion, with organisers accusing the government of preparing a generation for war without public consent.
Earlier controversy over provisions suggesting men aged 17 to 45 could face restrictions on extended stays abroad during periods of tension has added to public unease. Although Pistorius later clarified that no such measures are currently in force, the episode has reinforced concerns about how far the state may go if participation remains low.
